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[Introduction] [Geography] [People] [Government] [Economy] [Communication] [Transportation] [Military] [Transnational Issues] [Foreign Embassies in Pakistan] [Getting Pakistani Visa]
Introduction
Background: The separation in 1947 of British India
into the Muslim state of Pakistan (with two sections West and East) and
largely Hindu India was never satisfactorily resolved. A third war between
these countries in 1971 resulted in East Pakistan seceding and becoming
the separate nation of Bangladesh. A dispute over the state of Kashmir is
ongoing. In response to Indian nuclear weapons testing, Pakistan conducted
its own tests in 1998.
Geography
Location: Southern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea, between India on the east and Iran and Afghanistan on the west and China in the north
Geographic coordinates: 30 00 N, 70 00 E
Map references: Asia
Area:
total: 803,940 sq km
land: 778,720 sq km
water: 25,220 sq km
Area - comparative: slightly less than twice the size of California
Land boundaries:
total: 6,774 km
border countries: Afghanistan 2,430 km, China 523 km, India 2,912
km, Iran 909 km
Coastline: 1,046 km
Maritime claims:
contiguous zone: 24 nm
continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
territorial sea: 12 nm
Climate: mostly hot, dry desert; temperate in northwest; arctic in north
Terrain: flat Indus plain in east; mountains in north and northwest; Balochistan plateau in west
Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point: K2 (Mt. Godwin-Austen) 8,611 m
Natural resources: land, extensive natural gas reserves, limited petroleum, poor quality coal, iron ore, copper, salt, limestone
Land use:
arable land: 27%
permanent crops: 1%
permanent pastures: 6%
forests and woodland: 5%
other: 61% (1993 est.)
Irrigated land: 171,100 sq km (1993 est.)
Natural hazards: frequent earthquakes, occasionally severe especially in north and west; flooding along the Indus after heavy rains (July and August)
Environment - current issues: water pollution from raw sewage, industrial wastes, and agricultural runoff; limited natural fresh water resources; a majority of the population does not have access to potable water; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification
Environment - international agreements:
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered
Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea,
Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution,
Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation
Geography - note: controls Khyber Pass and Bolan
Pass, traditional invasion routes between Central Asia and the Indian
Subcontinent
People
Population: 141,553,775 (July 2000 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 41% (male 29,880,574; female 28,145,247)
15-64 years: 55% (male 39,751,222; female 37,981,378)
65 years and over: 4% (male 2,856,305; female 2,939,049) (2000
est.)
Population growth rate: 2.17% (2000 est.)
Birth rate: 32.11 births/1,000 population (2000 est.)
Death rate: 9.51 deaths/1,000 population (2000 est.)
Net migration rate: -0.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2000 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.97 male(s)/female
total population: 1.05 male(s)/female (2000 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 82.49 deaths/1,000 live births (2000 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 61.07 years
male: 60.27 years
female: 61.91 years (2000 est.)
Total fertility rate: 4.56 children born/woman (2000 est.)
Nationality:
noun: Pakistani(s)
adjective: Pakistani
Ethnic groups: Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashtun (Pathan), Baloch, Muhajir (immigrants from India at the time of partition and their descendants)
Religions: Muslim 97% (Sunni 87%, Shi'a 10%), Christian, Hindu, and other 3%
Languages: Punjabi 48%, Sindhi 12%, Siraiki (a Punjabi variant) 10%, Pashtu 8%, Urdu (official) 8%, Balochi 3%, Hindko 2%, Brahui 1%, English (official and lingua franca of Pakistani elite and most government ministries), Burushaski, and other 8%
Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 37.8%
male: 50%
female: 24.4% (1995 est.)
Government
Country name:
conventional long form: Islamic Republic of Pakistan
conventional short form: Pakistan
former: West Pakistan
Data code: PK
Government type: federal republic
Capital: Islamabad
Administrative divisions: 4 provinces, 1
territory*, and 1 capital territory**; Balochistan, Federally Administered
Tribal Areas*, Islamabad Capital Territory**, North-West Frontier, Punjab,
Sindh
note: the Pakistani-administered portion of the disputed Jammu and
Kashmir region includes Azad Kashmir and the Northern Areas
Independence: 14 August 1947 (from UK)
National holiday: Pakistan Day, 23 March (1956) (proclamation of the republic)
Constitution: 10 April 1973, suspended 5 July 1977, restored with amendments 30 December 1985; suspended 15 October 1999
Legal system: based on English common law with provisions to accommodate Pakistan's status as an Islamic state; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Suffrage: 21 years of age; universal; separate electorates and reserved parliamentary seats for non-Muslims
Executive branch:
note: following a military takeover on 12 October 1999, Chief of
Army Staff and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee, Gen.
Pervez MUSHARRAF suspended Pakistan's constitution and assumed the
additional title of Chief Executive; exercising the powers of the head of
the government, he appointed an eight-member National Security Council to
function as Pakistan's supreme governing body; President Mohammad Rafiq
TARAR remains the ceremonial chief of state
chief of state: President Mohammad Rafiq TARAR (since 31 December
1997)
head of government: Chief Executive Gen. Pervez MUSHARRAF (since 12
October 1999)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the chief executive
elections: president elected by Parliament for a five-year term;
election last held 31 December 1997 (next to be held NA 2002); following
legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a
majority coalition is usually elected prime minister by the National
Assembly; election last held 3 February 1997 (next to be held NA); note -
Gen. Pervez MUSHARRAF overthrew the government of Prime Minister Mohammad
Nawaz SHARIF in the military takeover of 12 October 1999; in May 2000, the
Supreme Court validated the October 1999 coup and set a three-year limit
in office for Chief Executive MUSHARRAF
election results: Rafiq TARAR elected president; percent of
Parliament and provincial vote - NA; results are for the last election for
prime minister prior to the military takeover of 12 October 1999 -
Mohammad Nawaz SHARIF elected prime minister; percent of National Assembly
vote - NA
Legislative branch: note - Gen. Pervez MUSHARRAF
dissolved Parliament following the military takeover of 12 October 1999;
bicameral Parliament or Majlis-e-Shoora consists of the Senate (87 seats;
members indirectly elected by provincial assemblies to serve six-year
terms; one-third of the members up for election every two years) and the
National Assembly (217 seats - 10 represent non-Muslims; members elected
by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: Senate - last held 12 March 1997 (next to be held NA);
National Assembly - last held 3 February 1997 (next to be held NA); note -
no timetable has yet been given for elections following the military
takeover
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by
party - PML/N 30, PPP 17, ANP 7, MQM/A 6, JWP 5, BNP 4, JUI/F 2, PML/J 2,
BNM/M 1, PKMAP 1, TJP 1, independents 6, vacant 5; National Assembly -
percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PML/N 137, PPP 18, MQM/A
12, ANP 10, BNP 3, JWP 2, JUI/F 2, PPP/SB 1, NPP 1, independents 21,
minorities 10; note - Gen. Pervez MUSHARRAF dismissed Parliament 15
October 1999
Judicial branch: Supreme Court, judicial chiefs are appointed by the president; Federal Islamic (Shari'a) Court
Political parties and leaders:
note: Gen. Pervez MUSHARRAF dissolved Parliament following the
military takeover of 12 October 1999, however, political parties have been
allowed to operate; Awami National Party or ANP [Wali KHAN]; Balochistan
National Movement/Hayee Group or BNM/H [Dr. HAYEE Baluch]; Balochistan
National Movement/Mengal Group or BNM/M [Sardar Akhtar MENGAL]; Baluch
National Party or BNP [leader NA]; Jamhoori Watan Party or JWP [Akbar Khan
BUGTI]; Jamiat-al-Hadith or JAH [leader NA]; Jamiat Ulema-i-Islam, Fazlur
Rehman faction or JUI/F; Jamiat Ulema-i-Pakistan, Niazi faction or JUP/NI
[leader NA]; Millat Part [Farooq LEGHARI]; Milli Yakjheti Council or MYC
is an umbrella organization which includes Jamaat-i-Islami or JI [Qazi
Hussain AHMED], Jamiat Ulema-i-Islam, Sami-ul-Haq faction or JUI/S,
Tehrik-I-Jafria Pakistan or TJP [Allama Sajid NAQVI], and Jamiat
Ulema-i-Pakistan, Noorani faction or JUP/NO; Mutahida Qaumi Movement,
Altaf faction or MQM/A [Altaf HUSSAIN]; National People's Party or NPP [Ghulam
Mustapha JATOI]; Pakhtun Khwa Milli Awami Party or PKMAP [Mahmood Khan
ACHAKZAI]; Pakhtun Quami Party or PKQP [Mohammed AFZAL Khan]; Pakistan
Awami Tehrik or PAT [Tahir ul QADRI]; Pakistan Muslim League, Functional
Group or PML/F [Pir PAGARO]; Pakistan Muslim League, Junejo faction or PML/J
[Hamid Nasir CHATTHA]; Pakistan Muslim League, Nawaz Sharif faction or PML/N
[Nawaz SHARIF]; Pakistan National Party or PNP [leader NA]; Pakistan
People's Party or PPP [Benazir BHUTTO]; Pakistan People's Party/Shaheed
Bhutto or PPP/SB [Ghinva BHUTTO]; Pakistan Tehrik-e-Insaaf or PTI [Imran
KHAN]
note: political alliances in Pakistan can shift frequently
Political pressure groups and leaders: military remains important political force; ulema (clergy), landowners, industrialists, and small merchants also influential
International organization participation: AsDB, C (suspended), CCC, CP, ECO, ESCAP, FAO, G-19, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, PCA, SAARC, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOP, UNOMIG, UNTAET, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Flag description: green with a vertical white band
(symbolizing the role of religious minorities) on the hoist side; a large
white crescent and star are centered in the green field; the crescent,
star, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam.
Economy
Economy - overview: Pakistan is a poor, heavily populated country, suffering from internal political disputes, lack of foreign investment, and a costly confrontation with neighboring India. Pakistan's economic outlook continues to be marred by its weak foreign exchange position, notably its continued reliance on international creditors for hard currency inflows. The MUSHARRAF government faces $32 billion in external debt and has nearly completed rescheduling with Paris Club members and other bilateral creditors. Foreign loans and grants provide approximately 25% of government revenue, but debt service obligations total nearly 50% of government expenditure. The IMF has remained silent on future disbursements from its $1.56 billion bailout package initiated in 1999, and other international financial institutions are gauging the current administration's resolve to implement necessary fiscal reforms. MUSHARRAF's ambitious economic agenda includes measures to widen the tax net, privatize public sector assets, and improve its balance of trade position. Pakistan has made privatization a cornerstone of economic revival, but may have difficulty attracting new investors until it receives positive endorsement from the World Bank. The Bank has withheld its approval pending resolution of the pricing dispute between the government and independent power producers.
GDP: purchasing power parity - $282 billion (1999 est.)
GDP - real growth rate: 3.1% (1999 est.)
GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $2,000 (1999 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 25.2%
industry: 26.6%
services: 48.2% (1998 est.)
Population below poverty line: 34% (1991 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: 4.1%
highest 10%: 27.7% (1996)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 6% (1999 est.)
Labor force: 38.6 million (1999)
note: extensive export of labor, mostly to the Middle East, and use
of child labor
Labor force - by occupation: agriculture 44%, industry 17%, services 39% (1999 est.)
Unemployment rate: 7% (FY98/99 est.)
Budget:
revenues: $10 billion
expenditures: $11.7 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA
(FY98/99)
Industries: textiles, food processing, beverages, construction materials, clothing, paper products, shrimp
Industrial production growth rate: 3.8% (1999 est.)
Electricity - production: 59.262 billion kWh (1998)
Electricity - production by source:
fossil fuel: 63.05%
hydro: 36.31%
nuclear: 0.64%
other: 0% (1998)
Electricity - consumption: 55.114 billion kWh (1998)
Electricity - exports: 0 kWh (1998)
Electricity - imports: 0 kWh (1998)
Agriculture - products: cotton, wheat, rice, sugarcane, fruits, vegetables; milk, beef, mutton, eggs
Exports: $8.4 billion (f.o.b., 1999)
Exports - commodities: cotton, fabrics, and yarn, rice, other agricultural products
Exports - partners: US 22%, Hong Kong 7%, UK 7%, Germany 7%, UAE 5% (FY98/99)
Imports: $9.8 billion (f.o.b., 1999)
Imports - commodities: machinery, petroleum, petroleum products, chemicals, transportation equipment, edible oils, grains, pulses, flour
Imports - partners: US 8%, Japan 8%, Malaysia 7%, Saudi Arabia 7%, UAE 7% (FY98/99)
Debt - external: $32 billion (1999 est.)
Economic aid - recipient: $2 billion (FY97/98)
Currency: 1 Pakistani rupee (PRe) = 100 paisa
Exchange rates: Pakistani rupees (PRs) per US$1 - 51.90 (December 1999), 44.550 (1998), 40.185 (1997), 35.266 (1996), 30.930 (1995)
Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June
Communications
Telephones - main lines in use: 2.861 million (March 1999)
Telephones - mobile cellular: 158,000 (1998)
Telephone system: the domestic system is mediocre,
but improving; service is adequate for government and business use, in
part because major businesses have established their own private systems;
since 1988, the government has promoted investment in the national
telecommunications system on a priority basis, significantly increasing
network capacity; despite major improvements in trunk and urban systems,
telecommunication services are still not readily available to the majority
of the rural population
domestic: microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, fiber-optic cable,
cellular, and satellite
international: satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic
Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean); 3 operational international gateway exchanges
(1 at Karachi and 2 at Islamabad); microwave radio relay to neighboring
countries
Radio broadcast stations: AM 27, FM 1, shortwave 21 (1998)
Radios: 13.5 million (1997)
Television broadcast stations: 22 (plus seven low-power repeaters) (1997)
Televisions: 3.1 million (1997)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 26 (1999)
Transportation
Railways:
total: 8,163 km
broad gauge: 7,718 km 1.676-m gauge (293 km electrified; 1,037 km
double track)
narrow gauge: 445 km 1.000-m gauge (1996 est.)
Highways:
total: 247,811 km
paved: 141,252 km (including 339 km of expressways)
unpaved: 106,559 km (1998 est.)
Pipelines: crude oil 250 km; petroleum products 885 km; natural gas 4,044 km (1987)
Ports and harbors: Karachi, Port Muhammad bin Qasim
Merchant marine:
total: 20 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 288,249 GRT/444,451
DWT
ships by type: bulk 1, cargo 15, container 3, petroleum tanker 1
(1999 est.)
Airports: 118 (1999 est.)
Airports - with paved runways:
total: 82
over 3,047 m: 12
2,438 to 3,047 m: 21
1,524 to 2,437 m: 32
914 to 1,523 m: 14
under 914 m: 3 (1999 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
total: 36
1,524 to 2,437 m: 7
914 to 1,523 m: 9
under 914 m: 20 (1999 est.)
Heliports: 7 (1999 est.)
Military
Military branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, Civil Armed Forces, National Guard
Military manpower - military age: 17 years of age
Military manpower - availability:
males age 15-49: 34,632,509 (2000 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service:
males age 15-49: 21,206,148 (2000 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually:
males: 1,604,806 (2000 est.)
Military expenditures - dollar figure: $2.435 billion (FY99/00)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP: 3.9%
(FY99/00)
Transnational Issues
Disputes - international: status of Kashmir with India; water-sharing problems with India over the Indus River (Wular Barrage)
Illicit drugs: producer of illicit opium and
hashish for the international drug trade (poppy cultivation in 1999 -
1,570 hectares, a 48% drop from 1998 because of eradication and
alternative development); key transit area for Southwest Asian heroin
moving to Western markets; narcotics still move from Afghanistan into
Balochistan Province.
Foreign Embassies in Pakistan
Embassy of the Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria
No. 107, Street 9, E-7, Islamabad.
Embassy of the Republic of Argentina,
No. 20, Hill Road, Shalimar, 6/3, Islamabad.
Embassy of Austria
No. 13, St. 1, F-6/3, Islamabad
Australian High Commission
Diplomatic Enclave, Islamabad
Bangladesh High Commission
House No. 24, Street No. 28, F-6/1, Islamabad
Royal Belgium Embassy
No. 2, Street No. 10, Shalimar 6/3, Islamabad
Embassy of Bosnia-Herzegovina
F-8/2, Islamabad
Embassy of the Federal Republic of Brazil
No. 194, Attaturk Avenue, G-6/3, Islamabad
British High Commission
Diplomatic Enclave, Islamabad
Embassy of People's Republic of Bulgaria
Plot No. 6-11, Diplomatic Enclave, Ramna 5, Islamabad
High Commission of Brunei Darussalam
No. 16, St. 21, F-6/2, Islamabad
Canadian High Commission
Diplomatic Enclave, G-5, Islamabad
Embassy of People's Republic of China
Diplomatic Enclave, Islamabad
Embassy of the Czech Republic
49, Street No. 27, F/7-2, Islamabad
Royal Danish Embassy
No. 9, St. 90, G-6/3, Islamabad
Embassy of the Arab Republic of Egypt
Diplomatic Enclave, Islamabad
Embassy of the Republic of Finland
House No. 11, Street No. 90, G-6/3, Islamabad
Embassy of French Republic
Diplomatic Enclave, Islamabad
Embassy of Federal Republic of Germany
Diplomatic Enclave, Islamabad
Embassy of Greece
No 6, Margalla Road, F-7/3, Islamabad
Embassy of the People's Republic of Hungary
12 Margalla Road, F-6/3, Islamabad
High Commission of India
G-5, Diplomatic Enclave, Islamabad
Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia
Diplomatic Enclave, Raman 5/4, Islamabad
Embassy of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Diplomatic Enclave, Islamabad
Embassy of Iraq
No. 57, St. 48, F-8/4, Islamabad
Embassy of Italy
54, Khayaban Margalla, F-6/3, Islamabad
Embassy of Japan
Diplomatic Enclave, Islamabad
Embassy of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
131, Street No. 14, E-7, Islamabad
High Commissioner of Kenya
House No. 8, Street No. 88, G-6/3, Islamabad
Embassy of the Northern Korea
No. 9, St. 18, F-8/2, Islamabad
Embassy of the Republic of Korea
Block No. 13, St. 29, Diplomatic Enclave 11, Islamabad
Embassy of Kuwait
Diplomatic Enclave, Islamabad
Embassy of Lebanon
House No. 6, Street No. 27, F-6/2, Islamabad
Embassy of Libya
12, Margalla Road, F-8/3, Islamabad
High Commission of Malaysia
House No. 78, Margalla Road, F-7/4, Islamabad
Mauritius High Commission
27, Street No. 26, F-6/2, Islamabad
Embassy of the Morocco Kingdom
House No. 6, Gomal Road, E-7, Islamabad
Embassy of the Union of Myanmar
12/1, Street No. 13, F-7/2, Islamabad
Embassy of Royal Nepal
House No. 506, Street No. 84, G-6/4, Islamabad
Embassy of the Royal Netherlands
PIA Building, 2nd Floor, blue Area, Islamabad
High commission of Nigeria
House No. 6, Street No. 22, F-6/2, Islamabad
Embassy of Royal Norway
House No. 11, Street No. 84, G-6/4, Islamabad
Embassy of the Sultanate of Oman
53, Street No. 48, F-8/4, Islamabad
Embassy of the State of Palestine
House No. 486-B, Street No. 9, F-10/2, Islamabad
Embassy of the Republic of Philippines
House No. 19, Street No. 1, F-6/3, Islamabad
Embassy of Polish People's Republic
Street No. 24, G-4, Islamabad
Embassy of Portugal
House No. 40-A, Main Margalla Road, F-7/2, Islamabad
Embassy of State of Qatar
20, Khayaban-e-Iqbal, F-6/3, Islamabad
Embassy of the Romania
13, Street No. 88, G-6/3, Islamabad
Embassy of the Russian Federation
Diplomatic Enclave, Islamabad
Royal Saudi Embassy
House No. 32, St. 18, F-6/2, Islamabad
Embassy of the Somali Democratic Republic
House No. 21, Street No. 56, F-6/4, Islamabad
Embassy of Spain
180-G, Attaturk Avenue, Ramna G-3, Islamabad
High Commission of DSR Sri Lanka,
House No. 315-C, Margalla Road, F-7/2, Islamabad
Embassy of the Democratic Republic of Sudan
H. No. 7, Street No. 45, F-6/1, Islamabad
Embassy of Switzerland
H. No. 25, Street No. 19, F-6/2, Islamabad
Embassy of Royal Sweden
House 6-A, Agha Khan Road, Markaz F-6, Islamabad
Embassy of Syrian Arab Republic
30-Hill Road, F-6/3, Islamabad
Embassy of Royal Thailand
House No. 4, St. 8, F-8/4, Islamabad
Embassy of the Republic of Tunisian
H. No. 187, Main Service Road, E-7, Islamabad
Embassy of Republic of Turkey
42, Street No. 12, F-6/3, Islamabad
Embassy of the United Arab Emirates
Diplomatic Enclave, Islamabad
Embassy of the United States of America
Diplomatic Enclave, Islamabad
Embassy of the Yemen Arab Republic
House No. 16, Street. 17, F-7/2, Islamabad
Embassy of the Yugoslavia Socialist, Federal Republic
14, Street 87, Ramna 6/3, Islamabad
High Commission of South Africa
H. 48, Margalla Road, F-8/2, Islamabad
Getting Pakistani Visa
Note: Visa requirements for Pakistan are liable to change at short notice. Consult the nearest consular representative of Pakistan well in advance of travel.
Regulations and requirements many be subject to change at short notice, and you are advised to contact the appropriate diplomat or consular authority before
finalizing travel arrangements. Details of these may be found at the head of the country’s entry. Any numbers in the chart refer to the footnotes below.
Restricted entry and transit: The Government of Pakistan refuses entry to: (a) nationals of Israel, even for transit; (b) holders of passports issued by the Government of Taiwan (China), except for transit or to change aircraft without leaving the airport; (c) nationals of Afghanistan who have previously visited or transited through India.
Passports: Valid passport required by all.
Visas: Required by all except:
(a) nationals of Iceland, Maldives Republic, Singapore, South Korea, Trinidad & Tobago, Western Samoa and Zambia for a stay of 90 days or less;
(b) nationals of Nepal for a stay of 30 days or less.
Types of visa: Single-entry and Double-entry generally for a maximum stay of three months. A Multiple-entry visa is also available allowing six journeys in a total period not exceeding one year, maximum 3-month stay at any one time. Visas must be used within six months of the date of issue. Price of visa varies according to nationality (Single-entry - £24; Double-entry - £48; Multiple-entry - £72 for UK nationals). Certain nationals are issued with visas free of charge, but they must be obtained prior to travel. For further information, consult the High Commission or Embassy.
Application to: Consulate (or Consular section at Embassy or High Commission). For addresses, see top of entry.
Application requirements: (a) Valid passport. (b) one application form. (c) 1 passport-size photo. (d) Confirmed return/onward ticket.